스페인에 자회사를 설립하는 것은 단순한 서류 제출 이상의 노력이 필요합니다. . 이 과정은 복잡하며, 준수 여부와 법적 의무에 따라 68 주 이상 걸릴 수 있습니다. 이 일정은 시장 진입을 지연시키고 예비 직원들이 다른 기회를 고려하게 만들 수 있습니다.
하지만 G-P는 대안을 제시합니다. 스페인에서 전통적인 자회사 경로를 택하는 대신, 신규 기관 없이 신속히 진입할 수 있어 몇 달이 아닌 몇 분 만에 운영을 시작할 수 있습니다.
스페인에 자회사를 설립하는 방법
스페인에 자회사를 설립하려면 올바른 법인 형태를 선택하는 것부터 시작해야 합니다. 지사 또는 RO 대표자 사무실과 같은 대안이 존재하지만 자회사와 동일한 책임 보호 기능을 제공하지는 않습니다. 대부분의 글로벌 기업에서 선택은 두 가지 유형으로 나뉩니다:
- 책임 제한 협회 (S.L.): Similar to a private limited liability company, this is the most common structure for international companies due to its flexibility and lower capital requirements.
- Sociedad Anónima (S.A.): Equivalent to a public limited company, this structure is more rigid, has higher capital requirements, and is generally used for larger enterprises intending to list on the stock exchange.
스페인에 자회사를 설립하는 단계
스페인에서 S.L.를 설립하는 과정은 일반적으로 다음과 같은 절차를 따릅니다:
- Obtain NIE for international directors: All non-national directors and shareholders must obtain a Foreigner's Identification Number (Número de Identificación de Extranjero, or NIE) from the Spanish authorities.
- Certify the company name: Apply for a name clearance certificate (Certificación Negativa de Denominación Social) from the Central Mercantile Registry to ensure your proposed name is unique.
- Open a bank account: After opening the corporate bank account you must deposit the share capital.
- Draft bylaws: Prepare the company's bylaws (Estatutos sociales), outlining the rules of governance, business activities, and shareholder structure.
- Execute the deed of incorporation: The founders or their legal representatives must sign the public deed of incorporation before a Spanish notary.
- Obtain a provisional tax ID (NIF): Apply for a provisional Tax Identification Number (Número de Identificación Fiscal, or NIF) from the Spanish Tax Agency (Agencia tributaria).
- Register with the Mercantile Registry: File the deed of incorporation with the provincial Mercantile Registry (Registro Mercantil) to officially register the company.
- Finalize registrations: Once registered, obtain the definitive NIF and register for social security and other necessary business and tax activities.
스페인의 부속법 및 요건
스페인에서 S.L.을 설립할 때는 다음과 같은 여러 법률과 요건을 충족해야 합니다:
- Share capital: Following the “Crea y crece” law (Law 18/2022), the minimum required share capital for an S.L. is EUR 1. However, if the capital is below EUR 3,000, the company must allocate 20% of its profits to a legal reserve each year until the combined total of the reserve and share capital reaches EUR 3,000.
- Management structure: An S.L. isn’t required to have a board of directors. Management can be structured with a sole administrator, joint administrators, or a board of 3–12 directors. All administrators must have a Spanish NIE.
- Share transfers: The shares of an S.L. aren’t transferable and are subject to restrictions outlined in the company bylaws and Spanish law. An S.L. can’t issue bonds.
- Accounting and auditing: All companies must prepare annual financial statements and file them with the Mercantile Registry. Audits are mandatory for companies that meet certain size thresholds.
스페인 자회사의 장점:
- Local market access: Establishing a subsidiary in Spain allows direct access to the Spanish and broader EU markets, facilitating business growth and customer proximity.
- Limited liability: The parent company’s liability is generally limited to its investment in the subsidiary, reducing financial risk.
- Legal entity status: A subsidiary is a separate legal entity, which can enter into contracts, own assets, and hire employees independently.
- Potential tax benefits: Subsidiaries may benefit from local tax incentives, double taxation treaties, and EU directives.
- Enhanced credibility: Operating as a local company can improve reputation and trust with Spanish clients, partners, and authorities.
스페인 자회사의 단점:
- Complex setup and compliance: Establishing and maintaining a subsidiary involves significant administrative work, including registration, local governance, and ongoing compliance with Spanish corporate, tax, and labor laws.
- Higher costs: There are costs associated with incorporation, legal advice, accounting, and ongoing operations.
- Regulatory requirements: Spanish subsidiaries must adhere to local reporting, audit, and employment regulations, which can be complex and time-consuming.
- Taxation: Profits are subject to Spanish corporate tax, and there may be additional tax implications for repatriating profits to the parent company.
- Management challenges: Operating a subsidiary requires local management and oversight, which can add complexity to global operations.
스페인 자회사 설립의 대안
자회사는 영구 설립과 유한책임의 이점을 제공하지만, 이 과정은 시간도 많이 들고 비용도 많이 들며 부담스럽습니다. 스페인에서 빠르게 인재를 채용하는 것이 목표라면, 더 간단한 대안이 있습니다. G-P는 자회사와의 번거로움 없이 몇 분 만에 인재를 채용할 수 있게 해줍니다.
사용의 이점 스페인의 기록상 고용주(기록상 고용주(EOR)) 포함:
- Speed of market entry: An EOR allows you to onboard talent in Spain immediately, as you don’t need to go through the lengthy process of establishing a legal entity. Setting up a subsidiary can take months due to regulatory, banking, and administrative requirements.
- Compliance assurance: Employment laws in Spain are complex and highly protective of employees. An EOR ensures compliance with the Estatuto de los Trabajadores (Workers' Statute), applicable CBAs, payroll regulations, tax withholdings, and statutory benefits, reducing your risk of non-compliance and potential penalties.
- Cost efficiency: Establishing and maintaining a subsidiary (e.g., S.L.) has significant upfront and ongoing costs, including legal fees, accounting, local management, and administrative overhead. An EOR is more cost-effective, especially if you’re hiring a small team or testing the Spanish market.
- Administrative simplicity: With an EOR, you avoid the administrative burden of managing payroll, mandatory social contributions, tax filings, and HR compliance. The EOR handles these responsibilities, allowing you to focus on your core business.
- Flexibility: If your business needs change, an EOR arrangement is easier to scale up or down compared to winding down a subsidiary.
- Risk mitigation: An EOR manages the legal risks associated with employment, such as worker classification, giving you an additional layer of protection.
새로운 법인을 설립할 필요 없이 G-P로 새로운 시장에 진출하세요.
스페인에 자회사나 법인을 설립하는 것은 비용과 시간이 많이 소요됩니다. G-P 기록상 채용(EOR)을 사용하면 자회사의 번거로움과 복잡함 없이 몇 분 안에 채용이 가능합니다.
지금 바로 제안서를 요청하여 당사의 글로벌 고용 상품 및 기록상 검토(EOR) 솔루션에 대해 자세히 알아보세요.