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Hiring in Israel
When negotiating terms of an employment contract and offer letter with an employee in Israel, it may be useful to keep the following standard benefits in mind.
Employment contracts in Israel
Israeli labor law does not require a written employment contract; however, it is strongly recommended to put one in place. 合同应 采用当地语言，并 阐明员工薪酬、福利和解雇要求的条款。 An offer letter and employment contract in Israel should always state the salary and any compensation amounts in Israeli shekel rather than another currency.
Most employment agreements include clauses regarding confidentiality, assignment of intellectual property, and noncompetition. It should be noted however that restrictive provisions concerning future employment of an employee are valid only if such limitations are aimed at protecting the employer’s legitimate interests, including trade secrets.
It is highly likely that in most cases, restrictive terms will not be held enforceable. 尽管如此，鉴于竞业禁止条款的价值，建议在雇佣协议中纳入此类条款。
Working hours in Israel
The standard workweek in Israel is Sunday through Thursday, although non-Jewish people may choose Friday, Saturday, or Sunday as their main weekly holiday. Locals may not work on Saturday unless their employer is open on Saturdays with a special permit.
The workweek may not exceed 42 hours, allocated over 5 or 6 days of work, provided that each workday does not exceed 9 hours.
Employees are entitled to overtime, pay which is calculated as follows:
- 前 2 个小时加班，工资按正常工资的 125% 支付
- For any additional hour of work as well as for work during the weekly rest day, remuneration shall amount to 150% of the regular wage.
- 一些公司每月支付一笔总的金额作为加班薪酬
以色列的节假日
以色列庆祝下列官方公共假日，员工在这一天放假，其中包括：
- 逾越节
- 阵亡将士纪念日（半天）
- 独立日
- 圣灵降临节
- 犹太新年
- 赎罪日
- 住棚节
- 庆法节
独立日是所有公民的节日，而其他节日则是犹太宗教节日，非犹太人不庆祝。
Vacation days in Israel
Employees in Israel have the right to paid annual leave, the length of which depends on the employee’s period of service. 法律规定的最短期限为每年 10 到 23 天。
Israel sick leave
Employees have the right to receive sick leave at a rate of 1.5 days for each month of employment with the right to accumulate up to 90 days.
- Employees are not entitled to any payment for the 1st day of sickness
- For the 2nd and 3rd days, employees are entitled to 50% of the salary
- From the 4th day onward, employees are entitled to 100% of the salary
- It should be noted that it is common for some industries to pay full salary for sick leave from day 1.
All workers who are employed for more than 1 year with the same employer are entitled to an annual payment for convalescence. The minimal period is between 5 and 10 days per year, and the current rate per day is around ILS 330. 经员工书面同意，该工资可计入员工的工资中。
Maternity and paternity leave in Israel
Pregnant women are entitled to 7 weeks of maternity leave at full pay provided that they were employed by the company for the previous 6 to 10 months. The employee is also entitled to the same position upon returning.
- Employees who have worked more than 10 months receive 14 weeks of paid leave. 其中一半的假期可以在孩子出生前休。
Fathers receive an 8-day paternity leave following the birth of their child. This includes 3 paid vacation days and 5 days of sick leave paid by the employer.
In general, it is forbidden to dismiss a pregnant employee who worked for over 6 months (even if the employer was not aware of the pregnancy on the day of notice). Dismissal is also prohibited throughout the employee’s pregnancy, as well as during the maternity leave and a period of 60 days after that. 解雇怀孕员工只能在获得许可的情况下进行。
Health insurance in Israel
All Israeli citizens are entitled to healthcare as stipulated under the National Insurance Law. There is only 1 national insurance institute in Israel to which the payments are funded to. These payments are compulsory taxes for social welfare.
Israel supplementary benefits
以色列的一些公司会缴纳“经理保险”或养老基金。 This provides for a monthly allocation into an insurance fund of 18.3% of the employee’s salary, paid in part by both the employer and employee. 雇主的部分供款代替遣散费。
Some employers provide disability insurance of up to 2.5% of the employee’s salary.
Employees are entitled to be compensated for their travel expenses, the rate of which is updated periodically. This is calculated on the basis of the days actually worked during which the employee used public transportation to and from the workplace.
- Some employers provide a company car or pay a separate fee for the use and maintenance of the employee’s car. Specific terms are subject to Collective Bargaining Agreements and to the employee’s employment contract.
- 出差费用可包含在员工的工资中，但必须得到员工的书面同意。
通常，我们建议在总工资的基础上为 福利预算 20%，以分配雇主的总成本，包括以色列的福利。
Termination/severance in Israel
雇佣关系可通过辞职、解雇、退休、死亡或有限雇佣期限期满而终止。 Dismissal entitles the employee to severance pay, however, there are certain circumstances in which the dismissed employee is not entitled to severance, i.e. with cause.
对于按月支付工资的员工，解聘和辞职的事先通知的最低法定期限是：
- 1 day for employees who have worked up to 6 months.
- 6 days, plus an additional 2.5 days for each full month worked, starting from the 7th month, for employees who have worked between 6 months and 1 year.
- 30 days after completion of the first year of employment.
- Unless specifically indicated otherwise, the employer has the right to terminate employment without the delivery of a notice, and provide a severance payment in lieu, if required.
Paying taxes in Israel
在以色列，员工支付的累进所得税从 10% 开始，增加到最高 50%。 雇主和员工都将薪水的一部分缴纳国民保险和健康保险。
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