スペインに子会社を設立するには、書類を提出するだけでは済まない。このプロセスは複雑で、コンプライアンスや法的義務によっては、 6 ～ 8週間以上かかる場合があります。このスケジュールは市場参入を遅らせ、求職者が他の機会を検討する原因となる可能性がある。
しかし、 G-P別の選択肢を提供する。 スペインで従来通りの子会社設立ルートを取る代わりに、弊社なら迅速な参入手続きが可能です。新たな法人設立は不要で、数ヶ月ではなく数分で事業を開始できます。
スペインに子会社を設立する方法
スペインに子会社を設立するには、まず適切な法人形態を選択することから始める。支店や代理店といった代替手段も存在するが、それらは子会社と同等の法的責任保護を提供するものではない。 ほとんどの国際企業にとって、選択は次の 2 つのタイプの企業になります。
- 制限責任社会 (S.L.): Similar to a private limited liability company, this is the most common structure for international companies due to its flexibility and lower capital requirements.
- ソシエダ・アノニマ (S.A.): Equivalent to a public limited company, this structure is more rigid, has higher capital requirements, and is generally used for larger enterprises intending to list on the stock exchange.
スペインに子会社を設立する手順
スペインで有限責任会社（SL）を設立するプロセスは、一般的に以下の手順で行われます。
- Obtain NIE for international directors: All non-national directors and shareholders must obtain a Foreigner's Identification Number (Número de Identificación de Extranjero, or NIE) from the Spanish authorities.
- Certify the company name: Apply for a name clearance certificate (Certificación Negativa de Denominación Social) from the Central Mercantile Registry to ensure your proposed name is unique.
- Open a bank account: After opening the corporate bank account you must deposit the share capital.
- Draft bylaws: Prepare the company's bylaws (Estatutos sociales), outlining the rules of governance, business activities, and shareholder structure.
- Execute the deed of incorporation: The founders or their legal representatives must sign the public deed of incorporation before a Spanish notary.
- Obtain a provisional tax ID (NIF): Apply for a provisional Tax Identification Number (Número de Identificación Fiscal, or NIF) from the Spanish Tax Agency (Agencia tributaria).
- Register with the Mercantile Registry: File the deed of incorporation with the provincial Mercantile Registry (Registro Mercantil) to officially register the company.
- Finalize registrations: Once registered, obtain the definitive NIF and register for social security and other necessary business and tax activities.
スペインの付属法規および要件
スペインで有限責任会社（SL）を設立する際には、以下のようないくつかの法律や要件を満たす必要があります。
- Share capital: Following the “Crea y crece” law (Law 18/2022), the minimum required share capital for an S.L. is EUR 1. However, if the capital is below EUR 3,000, the company must allocate 20% of its profits to a legal reserve each year until the combined total of the reserve and share capital reaches EUR 3,000.
- Management structure: An S.L. isn’t required to have a board of directors. Management can be structured with a sole administrator, joint administrators, or a board of 3–12 directors. All administrators must have a Spanish NIE.
- Share transfers: The shares of an S.L. aren’t transferable and are subject to restrictions outlined in the company bylaws and Spanish law. An S.L. can’t issue bonds.
- Accounting and auditing: All companies must prepare annual financial statements and file them with the Mercantile Registry. Audits are mandatory for companies that meet certain size thresholds.
スペイン子会社の利点：
- Local market access: Establishing a subsidiary in Spain allows direct access to the Spanish and broader EU markets, facilitating business growth and customer proximity.
- Limited liability: The parent company’s liability is generally limited to its investment in the subsidiary, reducing financial risk.
- Legal entity status: A subsidiary is a separate legal entity, which can enter into contracts, own assets, and hire employees independently.
- Potential tax benefits: Subsidiaries may benefit from local tax incentives, double taxation treaties, and EU directives.
- Enhanced credibility: Operating as a local company can improve reputation and trust with Spanish clients, partners, and authorities.
スペイン子会社のデメリット：
- Complex setup and compliance: Establishing and maintaining a subsidiary involves significant administrative work, including registration, local governance, and ongoing compliance with Spanish corporate, tax, and labor laws.
- Higher costs: There are costs associated with incorporation, legal advice, accounting, and ongoing operations.
- Regulatory requirements: Spanish subsidiaries must adhere to local reporting, audit, and employment regulations, which can be complex and time-consuming.
- Taxation: Profits are subject to Spanish corporate tax, and there may be additional tax implications for repatriating profits to the parent company.
- Management challenges: Operating a subsidiary requires local management and oversight, which can add complexity to global operations.
スペイン子会社設立の代替案
子会社は恒久的施設としてのメリットと有限責任という利点を提供する一方で、設立手続きは時間と費用がかかり、煩雑である。スペインで人材をすぐに雇用することが目標なら、もっと簡単な方法があります。 G-P使用すると、子会社の手間をかけることなく、数分で人材を雇うことができます。
使用することの利点 スペインの雇用主記録 (雇用代行業者（EOR）） 含む：
- Speed of market entry: An EOR allows you to onboard talent in Spain immediately, as you don’t need to go through the lengthy process of establishing a legal entity. Setting up a subsidiary can take months due to regulatory, banking, and administrative requirements.
- Compliance assurance: Employment laws in Spain are complex and highly protective of employees. An EOR ensures compliance with the Estatuto de los Trabajadores (Workers' Statute), applicable CBAs, payroll regulations, tax withholdings, and statutory benefits, reducing your risk of non-compliance and potential penalties.
- Cost efficiency: Establishing and maintaining a subsidiary (e.g., S.L.) has significant upfront and ongoing costs, including legal fees, accounting, local management, and administrative overhead. An EOR is more cost-effective, especially if you’re hiring a small team or testing the Spanish market.
- Administrative simplicity: With an EOR, you avoid the administrative burden of managing payroll, mandatory social contributions, tax filings, and HR compliance. The EOR handles these responsibilities, allowing you to focus on your core business.
- Flexibility: If your business needs change, an EOR arrangement is easier to scale up or down compared to winding down a subsidiary.
- Risk mitigation: An EOR manages the legal risks associated with employment, such as worker classification, giving you an additional layer of protection.
G-Pを使えば、新たな市場への参入が可能です。新たな法人を設立する必要はありません。
スペインに子会社や法人を設立するには、費用と時間がかかります。G-P雇用代行業者（EOR）を利用すると、子会社のような手間や複雑さなしに、数分で人材雇用を行うことができます。
当社のグローバル雇用製品と雇用代行業者（EOR）ソリューションの詳細については、今すぐ提案をリクエストしてください。